Ganglioside Antibodies GD1a, GD1b, GT1b (IgG or IgM)

Immunology

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Description

Gangliosides are acidic glycosphingolipids in the outer layer of plasma membranes. The gangliosides GM1, GD1a, GD1b and GT1b are usually abundant in the myelin sheath of Schwann cells ( peripheral nervous system ) and of the oligodendrocytes ( central nervous system ). Ganglioside M1 ( GM1 ) is the most abundant ganglioside in neuronal membranes. It enhances neurite outgrowth and recovery from injury but can also act as an autoantigen through the galactose-galactosamine part of its sugar moiety. Ganglioside antibodies are associated with neuropathy. GD1a and GD1b antibodies in particular are associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome [1,2].

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Indications

Neuropathies.

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Sample Type

2mL Serum ( Gel 5mL Yellow tube ) or 2mL EDTA plasma.
Requests from outside Sheffield: transport at ambient temperature via Royal Mail or Courier.

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Reference Range

For GD1a, GD1b and GT1b IgG and IgM:
Negative = <500

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Turnaround Time

Within 7 days

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Testing Frequency

As required ( send away test ).

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References

Rinaldi S, Willison HJ. Ganglioside antibodies and neuropathies. Current Opinion in Neurology. 2008. 21( 5 ): 540-546.
Kaida K, Kamakura K, Ogawa G. GD1b-specific antibody induces ataxia in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Neurology 2008. 71:196-201. [Ref 1]
Lopex PH, et al. Structural requirements of anti-GD1a antibodies determine their target specificity. Brain. 2008. 131( 7 ):1926-1939.
Hamaguchi T, et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome with antibodies to GD1a/GD1b complex. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2007. 78( 5 ):548-549. [Ref 2]
Van Sorge NM, et al. Pathogenicity of anti-ganglioside antibodies in the Guillain-Barre syndrome. Autoimmunity reviews. 2004. 3( 2 ):61-68.
Kornberg AJ. Anti-GM1 ganglioside antibodies: their role in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of immune-mediated motor neuropathies. J. Clin. Neurosci. 2000. 7( 3 ):191-194.

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See Also

GM1( IgG or IgM )
GQ1b ( IgG or IgM )

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