HLA B27

Immunology

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Description

Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are a group of protein expressed on the surface of leukocytes and other nucleated cells. HLA antigens are divided into the types: Class I (A, B, C) and Class II (DR, DP, DQ). The different types of HLA expressed in individuals are determined genetically. The prevalence of HLA B27 in the UK general population is approximately 8%. In certain autoimmune conditions the prevalence of HLA B27 is increased and shows a strong link between this HLA type and the diseases: In ankylosing spondylitis the prevalence is 90-95%, 60-90% in reactive arthritis patients and 50-60% of patients with psoriatic arthritis, or irritable bowel disease and spondylitis. [1]. There is also increased incidence of HLA B27 in urethra - ocular - articular syndrome (Reiter's syndrome), acute uveitis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis [2]. A positive HLA B27 result indicates that the individual may be at increased risk of developing certain autoimmune diseases. A negative result does not exclude the patient from having the disease, as people negative for HLA B27 may also develop these conditions.

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Indications

Autoimmune diseases including ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

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Sample Type

5mL EDTA whole blood. Requests from outside Sheffield: Transport at ambient temperature via Royal Mail or Courier.

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Reference Range

Positive = HLA B27 gene is presentNegative = HLA B27 gene is absent

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Turnaround Time

Within 5 days

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Testing Frequency

Weekly

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References

Sheehan NJ. The ramifications of HLA-B27. J R Soc Med. 2004. 97(1): 10-14. [Ref 1].Colmegna I, et al. HLA B27 associated reactive arthritis: Pathological and clinical considerations. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004. 17(20: 348-369. [Ref 2].Bowness P. HLA B27 in health and disease: a double edged sword. Rheumatology. 2002. 41(8): 857-868. [Ref 3].Khan MA, et al. The pathogenic role of HLA-B27 and its subtypes. Autoimmun Rev 6 (2007) 183-189. [Ref 4].

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