Precipitins, Avian (Budgie, Pigeon)

Immunology

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Description

This assay is a useful adjunct to the diagnosis of diseases associated with the inhalation of avian antigen. These diseases are known variously as pigeon, budgerigar, or bird fanciers lung, depending on the source of exposure. These diseases form part of a group of diseases termed extrinsic allergic alveolitis ( EAA ). EAA is characterised by interstitial and alveolar inflammation [2]. The presence of IgG precipitating antibodies in the serum of affected patients is regarded as evidence of inhalational exposure to these antigens [1]. These antibodies indicate exposure to, and a potential to respond to subsequent antigen inhalation. Upon exposure, macrophages, plasma cells and T lymphocytes infiltrate into the lungs. There is persistence of inflammation until exposure to the antigen is stopped [2]. Symptoms include recurrent fevers, myalgia, chills, cough and breathlessness [3].

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Indications

Bird/pigeon fanciers lung, Extrinsic allergic alveolitis ( EAA ).

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Sample Type

2mL Serum ( Gel 5mL Yellow tube ). Requests from outside Sheffield: Transport at ambient temperature via Royal Mail or Courier.

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Reference Range

< 40 mg/L is negative. Reference range established in house.

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Turnaround Time

Within 5 days

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Testing Frequency

Daily

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External Notes

The test should not be considered to be of diagnostic value in itself. Results should not be used in isolation, but used in conjunction with the patient's symptoms, the patient's clinical history and any other available data.

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References

Ohtani Y, et al. Clinical features of recurrent and insidious chronic bird fancier's lung. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003. 90( 6 ):604-610. [Ref 1]Mcsharry C, et al. Takes your breath away - the immunology of allergy alveolitis. Clin Exp Imm. 2002. 128:3-9. [Ref 2]Calvert JE, et al. Pigeon fanciers' lung: a complex disease? Clin Exp Allergy. 1999. 29( 2 ):166-175. [Ref 3]

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