Soluble CD25, Soluble Interleukin 2 Receptor (sCD25, sIL2R)

Immunology

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Description

The interleukin-2 Receptor (IL-2R) is composed of at least 3 distinct polypeptide subunits termed IL-2R alpha , IL-2R beta and IL-2R gamma.

The interleukin (IL)-2 receptor (IL-2R) alpha-chain (CD25) is shed upon immune activation. Increased levels of soluble (s)IL-2R (soluble CD25), therefore it is considered as an indication of an on-going immune response.

Measurement of Soluble CD25 may be used in the diagnosis of symptomatic hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and also to monitor disease activity and response to treatment. HLH can be primary (familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis) or secondary form. Typical clinical findings are fever, hepatosplenomegaly and cytopenias. Other symptoms may include liver dysfunction, coagulopathy. Elevated ferritin and transaminase and neurological involvement [1,2]

Elevated Soluble CD25 levels have been incorporated into the 2004 diagnostic criteria for HLH as one of the laboratory criteria which may be used in diagnosis [2].

HLH can be secondary to malignancies, including lymphomas. This may have a poor prognosis and the use of soluble CD25 levels can aid in a quicker diagnosis of the condition [3].

Soluble CD25 measurement may be of use in other inflammatory conditions such as sarcoidosis [4] and to assess prognosis in patients with lymphoma [5].

Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by granulomatous inflammation. Soluble CD25 may be used as a biomarker for disease severity in sarcoidosis [4].

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Indications

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), sarcoidosis, lymphoma, inflammatory marker

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Sample Type

2mL Serum (Gel 5mL Yellow tube) or 2mL Plasma (EDTA). Requests from outside Sheffield: Transport at ambient temperature via Royal Mail or Courier.

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Reference Range

Normal range <70 U/mL

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Turnaround Time

10 Days

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Testing Frequency

Weekly

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References

Consensus - Based guidelines for the regognition, diagnosis and management of Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in critically ill children and adults. Hines MR, Greenwood TvB, Beutel G, et al. Crit Care Med. 2022: 50(5): 860-872. [Ref 1] HLH-2004:Daignostic and therapeutic guidelines for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Henter J, Horne A, Arico M, et al. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007, 48(2): 124-131. [Ref 2] Lymphoma associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (LA-HLH): a scoping review unveils clinical and diagnostic patterns of a lymphoma subgroup with poor prognosis. Knauft J, Schenk T, Ernst T, et al. Leukemia, 2024, 38: 235-249. Biological role of the soluble interleukin-2 receptor in sarcoidosis. Vanmaris RMM and Rijkers GT. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2017, 34(2): 122-129 [Ref 4] Serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels for screening for malignant lymphomas and differential diagnosis from other conditions. Murakami J, Arita K, Wada A, et al. Mol Clin Oncol. 2019, 11(5): 474-482. [Ref 5]

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